Epitaxial thin film growth by PVD and CVD, Single crystalline films on polycrystalline/amorphous substrates, Solidification and crystal growth, Oxide & nitride materials, Roll-to-roll thin film coatings on flexible substrates, Bulk ceramic processing, Control of nano-scale interfacial and bulk defects, Texture evolution and grain boundary control, Nucleation and growth kinetics in vapor phase and liquid phase growth.